Drawing on legal and policy analysis at European, national and local levels, as well as insights from the pilot cities of Antwerp, Florence and Pilsen, the white paper explores how mobility systems can become more equitable, accessible, affordable and sustainable.

It outlines the legal foundations and societal implications of the Mobility as a Right (MaaR) concept, introduces recommendations for European institutions, Member States and cities, and proposes practical tools such as the Social Optimum Mobility Index (SOMI) to support implementation.